What is the meaning of the word "case"?

Definitions:

(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers noun
- for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
a person requiring professional services noun
- a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
a portable container for carrying several objects noun
- the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
a problem requiring investigation noun
- Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
a specific state of mind that is temporary noun
- a case of the jitters
a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument noun
- I made my case for the implementation of bike lanes.
an occurrence of something noun
- it was a case of bad judgment
bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow noun
- The burglar carried the loot in a case.
the actual state of things noun
- that was not the case
the housing or outer covering of something noun
- the clock has a walnut case
to enclose in, or as if in, a case verb
- my feet were encased in mud
to look over, usually with the intention to rob verb
- They men cased the housed.